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James Russell

Pro

ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships

6th September, 2025
Hungary
Gyor
6th, MPRO
Paddling - 29.2km
23°C
, Hot
2hrs 1min
more race details

James' headline numbers

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?
?
~76
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 75g/h
~718
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~655
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 300-700mg/L
0
mg
Total caffeine
Image Credits: Stine Staubæk Christensen

James' strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
Didn't pre-fuel
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James would benefit from taking in a final dose of carb <30 minutes before
Carb per hour
Recommended 75g/h
~76
g
James' Energy Rating
8
/10
"By the time I finished my second drinks bag, I felt as though I wouldn’t be able to stomach more carb."
Our thoughts

James has been training his gut to comfortably take on higher quantities of carbs (>60g/h) while also testing which products and concentrations are best to do this with. At the World Champs, he chose to implement concentrated drinks bags of PF Carb Only Drink Mix, 90g in his first and 60g in the second, to reach the recommendations and sustain his energy levels across the intense 2 hour race. He had the option of a third carb-rich bag but sensibly had an alternative hydration-focused back up bag. Having fueled effectively throughout the day and early in the race, he felt full so made the choice to pick up the bag of PH 1000, allowing him to finish strongly with no stomach issues.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

James491mg/L
James has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst James’s losses are on the low side, getting his hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as his higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~718
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 300-700mg/L
~655
mg
James' Hydration Rating
9
/10
"I was happy with my hydration strategy before and during the race, I wouldn’t have changed anything."
Our thoughts

James drank a very similar volume of fluid compared to earlier this year at the European Champs, 1.45L and 1.5L respectively, in similar mild-warm conditions. He knew this quantity from three drinks bags would again be sufficient to support his performance and keep up with his sweat losses. The key refinement in his hydration strategy came from individualising his sodium replacement using data from a Sweat Test at PF&H HQ. He used PH 1500 pre-race and in his first drinks bag, followed by PH 1000 in the final bag. Alongside his bag of solely Carb Only Drink Mix, this meant the relative sodium concentration of his intake was similar to what he would have been losing in his sweat, aiding fluid retention and replacing his sweat sodium losses.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Total caffeine
0
mg
Our thoughts

As a habitual coffee drinker, James began his day with a latte. But unlike some of his competitors, he chose not to include further caffeine later in the day, possibly with recovery and sleep in mind ahead of more races. Still, a top-up such as in the form of a PF 30 Caffeine Gel pre-race may have provided a useful cognitive and perceptual boost that could be worth testing out next time.

How James hit his numbers

Here's everything that James ate and drank on the day...

James' weapons of choice

Final thoughts

James' Satisfaction Rating
7
/10
I’m reasonably happy with how things went, especially given it was a super strong field and the racing was relentless all weekend.
James
With the help of a Sweat Test, James was able to individualise his sodium intake and showcase his gut training by consuming his highest in-race fuel intake to date at the biggest race of the season, the World Champs. These refinements no doubt supported his performance over back-to-back days of intense racing to take 6th place in a field of the world’s best.
PF&H

James' full stats

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?
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Overall
153g total carb
76g per hour
1,450ml total fluid
718ml per hour
950mg total sodium
470mg per hour
655mg
Sodium per litre

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).

James' recent case studies

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