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John Borstelmann

Pro

Leadville Trail 100 MTB

10th August, 2024
USA
Leadville, Colorado
Top 100, MPRO
Cycling, Gravel - 169km
14°C
, Mild
7hrs 10mins
more race details

John's headline numbers

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?
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~111
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~690
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~1,272
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 1100-1500mg/L
~5.3
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

John's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~111
g
John's Energy Rating
5
/10
"I think I did pretty good on the carb intake, but my energy levels felt like a slow decline all day. I just felt like I was trapped in one gear. Intake wise, it would have been tough to get many more carbs in at this altitude and I don’t think I could have done much better."
Our thoughts

John was disciplined in the 48 hours prior to the race and focused on carb loading effectively to ensure his muscle glycogen stores were at maximal capacity ahead of time. Similar to his previous effort at Leadville 100 MTB 2023, John was able to tolerate over 90g/h of carb, averaging a new high with an ~18% increase of carb per hour! Between his consistent use of carbs in both training and racing, and his commitment to gut training, he suffered no GI discomfort despite this high intake. John relied on several PF 30 Gels, PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix and chews to fuel, plus a few on-course gels to supplement. Given his consistent intake, it’s likely his issues with energy levels were a result of the demanding conditions of racing such a tough course at a high altitude, where the lower pressure in the atmosphere makes it harder for your body to extract oxygen. John may want to consider getting to the venue earlier in the future to give him more time and training to adapt to the demands of altitude.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

John1310mg/L
John has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Given John’s losses are High (1,310mg/L), nailing his hydration strategy remains important, even when it’s Mild.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~690
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 1100-1500mg/L
~1,272
mg
John's Hydration Rating
7
/10
"I didn’t have any cramps during the race, but I would have to push incredibly hard to get to the point where that happens. Like my carb intake, I did everything I could in the days leading up to ensure I took on enough electrolytes. "
Our thoughts

John pre-loaded on the morning of the race with PH 1500 and drank extra electrolytes in the days leading up to it to help boost his blood plasma volume and toe the start line as hydrated as possible. John’s fluid intake across the race was within the recommendations considering the distance and intensity, likely adequately replacing his sweat losses in the mild conditions. He peed a couple of times, suggesting he was taking on enough fluid to mitigate against the risks of significant dehydration. By using PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix in his fluids and additional electrolytes, he stayed comfortably in line with his high relative sodium concentration needs. This no doubt contributed to preventing cramping and ensuring he stayed hydrated across the demanding race.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~5.3
mg
Our thoughts

John’s intake fell on the upper end of the scientific recommendations for caffeine doses during exercise, but was still appropriate for his tolerance and normal use of the stimulant. To reach these doses, he pre-caffeinated in the morning with a couple of strong cups of coffee with his breakfast, and then relied on PF 30 Caffeine Gels interspersed throughout the race. Despite suffering from some energy-related issues, it’s unlikely that a lack of caffeine was the culprit, and while he could have tried delaying a couple of PF 30 Caffeine Gels until later on during the race where his energy levels diminished significantly, altitude was most likely the factor at play.

How John hit his numbers

Here's everything that John ate and drank on the day...

John's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

John's Satisfaction Rating
4
/10
I was definitely hoping for better. As races go, it was awful, the conditions were great and the course was in great shape but it still couldn’t get worse than that for me.
John
Considering his demanding racing schedule, John did a great job to manage his effort at Leadville where the altitude and climate are both energy-sapping and exhausting. His consistently high carb intake, solid hydration strategy and caffeine intake no doubt fuelled his performance to reach the finish line with a 30 minute PB compared to the previous year. Some more specific altitude-related training would be the best steps for John to prepare for these conditions and hopefully improve his energy levels and performance outcomes in future races.
PF&H

John's full stats

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Overall
799g total carb
111g per hour
4,950ml total fluid
690ml per hour
6,297mg total sodium
877mg per hour
1,272mg
Sodium per litre
400mg total caffeine
5.3mg per kg

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

John's recent case studies

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