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Philip Knudsen

Pro

ECA Canoe Marathon U23 European Championships

6th June, 2025
Portugal
Ponte de Lima
1st, MPRO
Paddling - 26.2km
19°C
, Hot and Humid
1hr 53mins
more race details

Philip's headline numbers

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~58
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 60g/h
~528
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~1,000
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~1.2
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Philip's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 60g/h
~58
g
Philip's Energy Rating
7
/10
"My energy was better in this race than the following day's European Champs, and I had no stomach issues."
Our thoughts

Since working with the PF&H Sports Science team earlier this season, Philip has focused on optimising his fueling strategy, both in the days and hours leading up to races, as well as during them. This is particularly important in marathon canoeing, where in-race fueling opportunities are limited and logistically difficult to manage.

The European Championships provided a valuable test of Philip’s evolving strategy, particularly with back-to-back days. Ahead of a 5pm race start, he treated fueling as a two-day process, beginning with a carb load on Thursday, followed by three carb-rich meals on race day, supplemented with easily-digestible snacks and drinks to maximise glycogen stores. With each race lasting around two hours, scientific evidence supports the benefits of consuming carbohydrates whilst paddling to maintain intensity and delay fatigue. Philip applied this by using two drinks bags, starting with a more concentrated PF Carb Only Drink Mix bag before picking up a bag containing PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix. This was a higher carb intake than he’d raced with before, and it paid off. Not only did it support his successful U23 title defense, but also helped power a strong performance in the senior field the next day where he placed fourth.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~528
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~1,000
mg
Philip's Hydration Rating
7
/10
"I didn’t drink that much during the races but leading up to the race it felt great."
Our thoughts

Developing and executing a hydration strategy has been another key focus for Philip this season, especially as so many of his races take place in warm, humid conditions like those in Portugal. With limited chances to drink during races lasting two hours, effective preloading and maximising hydration status before getting on the water is essential. To prepare for his evening race start, Philip drank PH 1500 within two hours of the gun going off, helping to increase his blood plasma volume and support thermoregulation in the heat. During the race, he maintained good hydration status by consuming nearly a litre of fluid from his two homemade drinks bags, which were both mixed to a relative sodium concentration of 1000mg of sodium per litre. These bags, designed from catheter bags and duct tape, hang around Philip’s neck with a tube attached, allowing him to drink hands-free while paddling at race pace.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~1.2
mg
Our thoughts

Philip took one PF 30 Caffeine Gel 20 minutes before the start, giving him 100mg (~1.2mg/kg) going into the race. This dose may have helped support alertness and concentration, but given the recommendations are more than double this dose it’s something Philip could look to optimise further in the final hour before races. That said, with a late race start the following day, he had to carefully balance the potential impact of caffeine on sleep, a sensible consideration when racing on back-to-back days.

How Philip hit his numbers

Here's everything that Philip ate and drank on the day...

Philip's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Philip's Satisfaction Rating
10
/10
It was the perfect weekend, and I’m really happy to have defended my European title for the third time!
Philip
Philip’s performance in Portugal showcased just how far his pre-, during- and post-race nutrition strategy has come this season. His strong carb, sodium and fluid intake helped him retain his U23 European title, whilst his effective rehydration and refueling strategy supported his impressive 4th-place debut senior performance the next day. We’re excited to see where continued implementation and refinement of the strategy can take Philip in the future.
PF&H

Philip's full stats

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Overall
111g total carb
58g per hour
1,000ml total fluid
528ml per hour
1,000mg total sodium
528mg per hour
1,000mg
Sodium per litre
100mg total caffeine
1.2mg per kg

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
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2
3
4
5

There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).

Philip's recent case studies

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