/

Lindsey Bates

Pro

Cocodona 250

4th May, 2026
USA
Flagstaff, Arizona
5th, FPRO
Running, Ultra - 409km
12°C
, Mild
72hrs 48mins
more race details

Lindsey's headline numbers

?
?
?
~45
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 45g/h
~212
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 100-500ml/h
~1,244
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 1100-1500mg/L
~21.5
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
Image Credits: @precisionfandh

Lindsey's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
?
T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
?
T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 45g/h
~45
g
Lindsey's Energy Rating
7
/10
"I had good energy through the early parts of the race and I’m pleased with my overall energy and carb intake across the whole race, despite battling some difficult moments from a stomach comfort perspective."
Our thoughts

Cocodona 250 is one of the most logistically demanding fueling challenges in ultra running, covering ~254 miles and over 36,000 feet of climbing. Lindsey took in ~13,895 kcal across the 72 hours of racing, averaging ~191 kcal/h against an estimated energy expenditure of ~407 kcal/h, meaning she replaced approximately 47% of her total energy demand through food and drink. This is a normal and expected outcome for a race of this length. Nobody can eat enough to match expenditure across 250 miles, and attempting to do so would almost certainly cause the GI issues that derail so many finishes. Her body’s fat stores provided the remainder of her energy requirements, this is appropriate since Lindsey has undergone laboratory testing to indicate that she has a high capacity to utilise fat and due to the relatively low intensity of the event. Carbohydrate is the substrate that matters most for fueling strategy across the sections where pace and intensity rise, and Lindsey averaged ~45g of carb per hour, a well-managed rate given the duration and the gut's need to sustain intake across multiple days. PF 30 Gels, PF 30 Chews, PF 60 Chew Bars and Carb Only Drink Mix collectively provided ~82% of her total energy intake (~49% from gels alone, ~11% from chews and bars, and ~23% from drink mix), with 63 individual gels consumed across the race. The remaining ~18% came from real food, including tortilla wraps with egg, rice-eroni, oatmeal and potato soup at crewed aid stations, which provided variety and helped avoid flavour fatigue during the longer sections. The first leg into Crown King was the strongest of the race at ~295 kcal/h and ~74g/h, exactly matched to the hardest, hottest section of the course. Both energy and carbohydrate intake dropped in the final leg to ~54 kcal/h and ~13g/h respectively as appetite and gut function declined, and with a target floor of ~30g/h and ~100 kcal/h for that section in future, there is a clear opportunity to better support the closing miles.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Lindsey1494mg/L
Lindsey has been Sweat Tested to dial in her hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Given Lindsey’s losses are Very High (1,494mg/L), nailing her hydration strategy remains important, even when it’s Mild.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes
?
T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 100-500ml/h
~212
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 1100-1500mg/L
~1,244
mg
Lindsey's Hydration Rating
8
/10
"I felt like I was drinking enough throughout the race, and managing my sodium intake well - not easy given I lose a lot of sodium in my sweat. I did start to crave plain water in the final 50 miles, so my team adjusted my plan on that basis."
Our thoughts

Lindsey drank ~15.5L across the 73-hour effort, averaging ~212ml/h, a conservative but appropriate rate for a race where ambient temperatures were manageable across much of the course, particularly overnight. Her relative sodium concentration of ~1,244mg/L tracked closely to her individual sweat sodium losses measured via a sweat test, with the first leg into Crown King delivering the highest concentration at ~1,529mg/L, sensibly front-loaded for the most demanding conditions. As the race progressed and gut tolerance declined, she shifted away from her Carb Only Drink Mix combined with PH 1500 (Drink Mix) towards plain water, which brought her sodium concentration down in the later legs. This was the right reactive call given the circumstances, though carrying dedicated PH 1500 in a small flask for the final sections would allow sodium replacement to continue even when sweet or concentrated drinks become aversive. She arrived at the finish without cramping and with no signs of hyponatraemia, which reflects a well-executed sodium strategy across the full race.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Didn't pre-load caffeine
?
Consuming caffeine in the hours before the start may have increased perceived energy levels
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~21.5
mg
Our thoughts

Lindsey consumed ~1,133mg of caffeine across the race (~21.8mg/kg), drawing primarily on PF 30 Caffeine Gels, some of which were included in her soft flasks in order to reduce the caffeine dose per hit. While this total is above the general 3 to 6mg/kg guidance, it was spread across 72 hours, so circulating levels at any one time were far more modest. Her caffeine timing was well structured, with doses spread strategically across the effort rather than clustered at a single point, the right approach for managing accumulating tolerance over a multi-day race. Lindsey switched to hot chocolate from PF&H’s Club Cocodona aid station onwards for a dual purpose: it delivered a modest caffeine hit alongside calories and warmth during the cooler overnight sections, and provided a welcome flavour contrast to the gels and drink mix that had made up the bulk of her intake. In future, a slightly higher and more consistent caffeine dose across the final three legs may help counter the neuromuscular fatigue and sleep deprivation that characterises the closing third of a 250-mile race.

How Lindsey hit her numbers

Here's everything that Lindsey ate and drank on the day...

Lindsey's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Lindsey's Satisfaction Rating
7
/10
I’m happy to go faster than I did at Cocodona in 2025, and I had a much more solid fuel and hydration strategy across the race which undoubtedly helped. The Arizona dust makes it difficult given my asthma, but we’re learning about this every time I race and I managed this much better this year.
Lindsey
Lindsey finished ~6 hours faster than her 2025 Cocodona result, navigating asthma-related breathing challenges that were less debilitating than the previous year. Her fuel and hydration execution was strong, with a tightly matched sodium strategy, well-timed caffeine distribution and smart use of real food to sustain intake across three days of racing. The main refinements for next time centre on sustaining carbohydrate intake above ~30g/h in the final leg and maintaining sodium replacement as palate fatigue sets in, small adjustments to an already solid plan that could make a real difference in the closing miles.
PF&H

Lindsey's full stats

?
?
?
Overall
3275g total carb
45g per hour
15,452ml total fluid
212ml per hour
19,230mg total sodium
264mg per hour
1,244mg
Sodium per litre
1133mg total caffeine
21.5mg per kg

Data Confidence
?

We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is a high level of confidence in the accuracy in the data. The numbers presented are believed to be a very close reflection of reality. There may still be one or two estimations made in the data (an inescapable part of field data) but there is reason to believe that these are accurate and that possible error has been kept to a minimum. It is data that has been collected and recalled as accurately as is possible given the uncontrolled settings/circumstances.

Lindsey's recent case studies

see all
Nail your next event with a FREE Fuel & Hydration Plan
Get started