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Ellie Salthouse

Pro

IM 70.3 Fortaleza

19th November, 2023
Brazil
Fortaleza
1st, FPRO
Triathlon, Middle distance - 113.1km
29°C
, Very Hot and Humid
4hrs 16mins
more race details

Ellie's headline numbers

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?
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~82
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~912
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~312
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 400-800mg/L
~7.0
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
Image Credits: @eduardoaphoto

Ellie's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-loaded
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~82
g
Ellie's Energy Rating
9
/10
"I never felt low on energy, but I also wasn’t really pushed during the race so I’m not sure if I might need a bit more fuel if I were on my limit."
Our thoughts

Ellie coped well on a bike course that was littered with pot-holes and bumps, which very quickly ejected two of her three bottles. Thankfully the ‘fuel bottle’ between her arms remained onboard, and she was able to drink the water with two Gels and four scoops of Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix mixed in it. As Ellie described, her closest competition was some way behind her when she hopped off the bike, so she didn’t have to fully extend herself to take victory. Despite this, she checked an important box from a confidence perspective by hitting a similar carb intake to her previous middle-distance races, despite the scorching temperatures which often leads to a reduced tolerance for carbohydrates.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Ellie655mg/L
Ellie has been Sweat Tested to dial in her hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Ellie’s losses are on the low side, getting her hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as her higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~912
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 400-800mg/L
~312
mg
Ellie's Hydration Rating
10
/10
"I did lots of preventative work to keep myself cool on the bike, then really focussed on tipping heaps of water on myself during the run and I think I nailed this."
Our thoughts

Ellie discussed the expected weather conditions of Brazil extensively with the Sports Science team at PF&H to optimise her strategy and ensure she performed well in the heat. Happily, temperatures weren’t as aggressively hot during the first half of the race due to some thick cloud cover, which was probably a blessing as two hydration bottles containing water and PH 1000 were ejected from her bike within ~5 km. She did well to pick up a couple of bottles of the on-course electrolyte drink, but once the clouds burned off and temperatures sky-rocketed to ~36℃, Ellie knew her sweat rate would be elevated so headed onto the run with an enhanced hydration plan. This involved tipping plenty of water over herself throughout the course, and slowing at each aid station to pick up at least three cups of water every time. This meant the relative sodium concentration of her drinks fell well below her pre-race plan, but as her sweat sodium concentration is quite low, she didn’t feel this affected her negatively. Perhaps taking a couple of Electrolyte Capsules with her on the bike and run could help in emergency situations like this, especially if she were having to dig deep and race hard.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~7.0
mg
Our thoughts

Although Ellie’s caffeine consumption was slightly above the general recommended guidelines above, she’s a frequent coffee drinker and has a high tolerance for caffeine, so we wouldn’t recommend changing this. The timing of her caffeine was also well executed, taking one pre-race, two during the bike then a final hit at ~5 km on the run will have ensured she had adequately high blood caffeine levels throughout the race.

How Ellie hit her numbers

Here's everything that Ellie ate and drank on the day...

Ellie's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Ellie's Satisfaction Rating
7
/10
I’m pretty happy with my race, and I don’t think I’d have done anything differently under the circumstances. I just wasn’t really pushed so I’d like to have a similar test in these conditions with someone chasing the whole way and see how I’d fare.
Ellie
Ellie’s ability to manage difficult situations was illustrated during this race as her bottles went flying across the road. Despite not quite replacing exactly what she lost, Ellie remained calm and composed enough to manage her lost nutrition and stay focused on the task at hand. By managing her pacing and core temperature, along with detailed knowledge of her sweat rate in race-day conditions, she managed to stay well hydrated throughout when others began to falter in the latter stages. Perhaps next time she could benefit from carrying some spare Electrolyte Capsules with her in case something like this happens again (fingers crossed it doesn’t!).
PF&H

Ellie's full stats

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Overall
353g total carb
82g per hour
3,900ml total fluid
912ml per hour
1,216mg total sodium
284mg per hour
312mg
Sodium per litre
409mg total caffeine
7.0mg per kg
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

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