IRONMAN® Cairns

As we suggested after his previous two races in Western Australia and Melbourne, Luke could further optimise his pre-racing fueling by including more carbohydrate in the form of fructose (e.g. honey, PF Carb Only Drink Mix) alongside his glucose-based drink mix. Additionally, consuming a final dose of carbs before the swim could help to top up his liver glycogen stores, and increase early carbohydrate availability to delay the depletion of glycogen. During the race, Luke relied on 16 gels to sustain his energy levels, but averaged a lower carb intake than at IRONMAN® Western Australia the year prior. This reduction predominantly came on the bike (~17g less carb per hour), so next time out Luke should look to push back up towards the 90g/h carb recommendation to better support his performance on both the bike and later in the race.

**Fluid:**
Considering his very-high sweat rate and significant sweat sodium losses, and history of hyponatremia in races, Luke once again pushed himself to the limit at IRONMAN® Cairns where average temperatures reached ~24℃ / 75°F. Drinking ~6.2L (210oz) on the bike exceeded the *typical* recommendations for most athletes. However, Luke, who can lose over 1.5L (48oz) per hour of sweat and has prior experience consuming these higher volumes of fluid, felt this was sufficient and didn’t experience excessive urination, which suggests that this fluid intake was appropriate for him.

**Electrolytes:**
The run leg was where Luke deviated from his previous hydration strategy. Instead of using pre-mixed flasks of PH 1500, he relied solely on Electrolyte Capsules. To support his high sweat sodium losses, Luke had four Electrolyte Capsules every other aid station (a total of 48 capsules!). This equates to ~12,000mg sodium and 6,000mg potassium. So, given that he drank less than he planned, this intake pushed the relative sodium concentration of his drinks above ~3000mg/L, rather than his intended ~2000mg/L. An hour into the run, Luke started to get a ‘tingling sensation’ in his extremities. The most likely explanation of this is the imbalance of electrolytes and his acid-base balance. Consuming such high concentrations of both sodium and potassium can cause the body to shift fluid from other areas, potentially leading to serious health issues. Considering he drank less fluid than he’d planned, Luke should have adapted and reduced his intake of Electrolyte Capsules to keep the relative sodium and potassium concentration to a more reasonable level; this is especially important for someone like Luke who is working with such high quantities to avoid issues to his health, as well as performance.