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Chris Palfreyman

Pro

King's Cup British Gravel Championship

19th September, 2021
England
Suffolk
9th, MPRO
Cycling, Gravel - 69.2km
22°C
, Hot
2hrs 8mins
more race details

Chris' headline numbers

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~71
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~286
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~410
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 500-900mg/L
0
mg
Total caffeine

Chris' strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~71
g
Chris' Energy Rating
9
/10
"Amazing energy levels up to around 75 minutes in."
Our thoughts

Chris averaged 71 grams of carbohydrates per hour and hit these numbers solely with PF 30 Gels. While this is within the general recommendations, strong anecdotal evidence suggests that edging closer towards 90g/h could enhance performance. To achieve this, he’ll need to undergo structured gut training and employ an adapted plan to increase his carb intake in races. His noticeable drop in energy with 45 minutes remaining suggests that a higher intake earlier in the race may have helped sustain his performance. Instead of diluting PF 30 Gels with water, he could switch to Flow Gel, its thinner consistency makes it easier to consume without additional fluid, streamlining his intake with less hassle.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Chris573mg/L
Chris has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Chris’s losses are on the low side, getting his hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as his higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Didn't pre-load electrolytes
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Drinking a strong electrolyte drink before the race could have helped Chris start optimally hydrated
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~286
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 500-900mg/L
~410
mg
Chris' Hydration Rating
7
/10
"I probably should have drunk more, but the terrain made it difficult."
Our thoughts

Chris got his sodium intake from a bottle containing PH 1000, but he only drank half, falling short of his target due to the demands of the course and terrain. While the relative sodium concentration of his fluids was appropriate given his low sweat sodium concentration, the overall volume of fluid replacement was likely insufficient to offset dehydration, which may have exacerbated the impacts of underfueling on his energy levels. Although we don’t have exact data on Chris’ sweat rate, given the intensity he was riding at, it was certainly higher than the ~0.3L/h he was replacing. The practical challenges of hydration in a race like this must be acknowledged, but in future gravel events - especially longer ones - Chris would benefit from a different drinking system, such as a hydration pack, to increase his fluid intake across challenging terrain. Chris himself noted that he drank too little and felt dehydrated by the end of the race. He also linked his dehydration to post-race soreness and fatigue, stating that his legs were "ruined" the next day.

How Chris hit his numbers

Here's everything that Chris ate and drank on the day...

Chris' weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Chris' Satisfaction Rating
9
/10
I’m really happy with 9th place in just my second gravel race. Fueling went well, but the rough terrain made it tough to drink enough.
Chris
Chris executed his fueling plan well, but limited fluid intake likely contributed to dehydration. Next time, he should aim to finish his bottle of PH 1000 electrolytes and consider adjusting his hydration setup.
PF&H

Chris' full stats

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Overall
151g total carb
71g per hour
610ml total fluid
286ml per hour
250mg total sodium
117mg per hour
410mg
Sodium per litre

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
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2
3
4
5

There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).

Chris' recent case studies

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