Chris Palfreyman
King's Cup British Gravel Championship
Chris' headline numbers
Chris' strategy
Fueling
Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.
Chris averaged 71 grams of carbohydrates per hour and hit these numbers solely with PF 30 Gels. While this is within the general recommendations, strong anecdotal evidence suggests that edging closer towards 90g/h could enhance performance. To achieve this, he’ll need to undergo structured gut training and employ an adapted plan to increase his carb intake in races. His noticeable drop in energy with 45 minutes remaining suggests that a higher intake earlier in the race may have helped sustain his performance. Instead of diluting PF 30 Gels with water, he could switch to Flow Gel, its thinner consistency makes it easier to consume without additional fluid, streamlining his intake with less hassle.
Hydration
Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.
Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.
Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.
Whilst Chris’s losses are on the low side, getting his hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as his higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.
Learn moreChris got his sodium intake from a bottle containing PH 1000, but he only drank half, falling short of his target due to the demands of the course and terrain. While the relative sodium concentration of his fluids was appropriate given his low sweat sodium concentration, the overall volume of fluid replacement was likely insufficient to offset dehydration, which may have exacerbated the impacts of underfueling on his energy levels. Although we don’t have exact data on Chris’ sweat rate, given the intensity he was riding at, it was certainly higher than the ~0.3L/h he was replacing. The practical challenges of hydration in a race like this must be acknowledged, but in future gravel events - especially longer ones - Chris would benefit from a different drinking system, such as a hydration pack, to increase his fluid intake across challenging terrain. Chris himself noted that he drank too little and felt dehydrated by the end of the race. He also linked his dehydration to post-race soreness and fatigue, stating that his legs were "ruined" the next day.
How Chris hit his numbers
Here's everything that Chris ate and drank on the day...
Chris' weapons of choice
Final thoughts
Chris' full stats
Data Confidence?
There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).