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Jack Davis

Unbound Gravel 100

31st May, 2025
USA
Emporia, Kansas
Top 50, M30-34
Cycling, Gravel - 174.6km
23°C
, Hot
5hrs 56mins
more race details

Jack's headline numbers

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~96
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~885
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 750-1,250ml/h
~660
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~3.8
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
Image Credits: @precisionfandh

Jack's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~96
g
Jack's Energy Rating
9
/10
"My best fueling yet in a race. Consumed everything except some water in my pack and probably could've done more."
Our thoughts

Jack kicked off the day with a strong pre-race fueling strategy, supplementing his breakfast with a PF 60 Chew Bar to easily reach the recommended 1-4g/kg of carbohydrate. He even took a PF 30 Caffeine Gel in the final 30 minutes before the start to top off his energy and ensure blood glucose levels were elevated going into his biggest ride of the year so far.

During the race, Jack used a well-thought-out fueling strategy made up of a variety of PF&H fuel sources. Two of his litre bottles had PF Carb Only Drink Mix in them, and he also fueled with caffeine gels, PF 30 Chews, and Flow Gel in his Top Tube flask. The latter is a set up that’s historically been popular in triathlon and is now becoming increasingly common in gravel racing, as it offers an efficient way to carry plenty of carbs. The mix of textures is also a smart tactic to avoid flavour fatigue - a prevalent issue in long-distance events. Jack averaged an impressive ~116g of carbs per hour up to the first check-point at mile 54, where he made a calm, controlled stop with the PF&H crew. He picked up fresh bottles and restocked with more gels and chews to power him through the second half, dropping down to a still solid ~76g/h. Overall, Jack averaged right on target for an event of this duration and intensity, helping him feel strong all the way to the line.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Jack983mg/L
Jack has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Jack’s losses are on the moderate side, getting his hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as his higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 750-1,250ml/h
~885
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~660
mg
Jack's Hydration Rating
8
/10
"I nailed my plan, but would’ve liked to have more cooling throughout the race."
Our thoughts

Jack prepared well for the hot conditions by working with the Sports Science Team to build an individualised hydration strategy. Although his sweat sodium concentration is moderate, he opted for PH 1500 given the hot predicted conditions and also to allow some flexibility of alternating between electrolyte drinks and plain water to vary the taste.

His fluid intake remained stable from start to finish, demonstrating a consistent replenishment strategy to keep up with his sweat losses. However, the relative sodium concentration of his intake changed significantly across the two segments. Over the first half of the race, Jack averaged ~900mg/L of sodium, closely matching his individual sweat sodium losses. For the second half, it dropped to below ~500mg/L, less than half his usual concentration. This dip coincided with the onset of cramp on the final ‘Hotdog Hill’, which Jack primarily puts down to the severity of the climb and his conditioning. That said, the shortfall in electrolyte replacement may have played a role and contributed to the cramp issue. Only 1L of the 4L of fluid Jack carried from the checkpoint to the finish contained electrolytes. For future events, we’d recommend increasing the proportion of drinks containing sodium to better match his losses and help reduce the risk of cramping. Jack mentioned he had some access to cooling but felt he could’ve done more. Planning to take on extra ice or water would’ve helped, as even seemingly simple methods like pouring water over the head or using ice can reduce heat strain and help maintain performance in hot conditions.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~3.8
mg
Our thoughts

Alongside his pre-race gel, Jack had two PF 30 Caffeine Gels during the race that he picked up at the 54 mile check-point. These would have provided a useful boost, as caffeine typically peaks in the bloodstream around 45 minutes after ingestion and has a half-life of about 4-5 hours. The only adjustment we’d recommend would be to switch one of his caffeine gels to take earlier on, which would have allowed him to reap the ergogenic benefits for a longer period of the race.

How Jack hit his numbers

Here's everything that Jack ate and drank on the day...

Jack's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Jack's Satisfaction Rating
9
/10
What an incredible race and experience. The flint hills did not disappoint with rolling gravel tracks and the odd technical descent making for some sketchy moments. I'm not converted to gravel, but I am for doing a race like it with mates.
Jack
Jack executed a solid race, fueled by a smart nutrition plan that helped him hit strong carb numbers and avoid flavour fatigue. His hydration strategy was largely adequate, though a dip in electrolytes late on may have contributed to twinges of cramp. With a few small tweaks - earlier caffeine, more sodium, and better cooling - he’ll be even better set next time.
PF&H

Jack's full stats

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Overall
571g total carb
96g per hour
5,252ml total fluid
885ml per hour
3,467mg total sodium
584mg per hour
660mg
Sodium per litre
300mg total caffeine
3.8mg per kg

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
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2
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4
5

There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).

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