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Paul Hopkins

Paul Hopkins

UCI Gravel World Championships

5th October, 2024BelgiumLeuvenTop 100, M50-54

Paul's headline numbers

~38g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~357ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~767mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
0mg
Total caffeine

Paul's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.
Carb-rich meal

T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)

Pre-fueled

T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb

Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~38g
Paul's Energy Rating5/10

"My legs blew up after 2.5 hours, but up until then I had been feeling very good. I made a slight recovery after 20 minutes, but to nowhere near the previous level."

Our thoughts

Paul ‘hit a wall’ just after the halfway point at the Gravel World Champs, which he felt was partly because he ‘burnt some matches’ to make up ground chasing the lead group in the first 20 minutes. This substantial energy lull (aka ‘bonking’) can occur when the body cannot adequately supply fuel to the working muscles. To avoid this happening again, Paul should look to optimise his carb loading strategy in the 48 hours before a race to make sure he starts with enough glycogen, the stored form of carbohydrate. Additionally, he fell short of the hourly carbohydrate recommendations for a race of this intensity and duration, so he should also work on increasing the amount of fuel he consumes whilst on the bike to ensure his muscles can continuously generate force. We’d recommend implementing these practices in key training sessions to increase his gut’s tolerance of this higher amount of fuel.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Didn't pre-load electrolytes

Drinking a strong electrolyte drink before the race could have helped Paul start optimally hydrated

Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~357ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~767mg
Paul's Hydration Rating4/10

"I know that I don’t drink enough during my races."

Our thoughts

Paul is an experienced age-group rider, but feels he has a history of under-hydrating during both training sessions and races, including this one. By drinking only two 750ml bottles across the 4 hours and 12 minutes of cycling, Paul’s fluid intake was the lowest we saw from any of our riders on the day. Though the conditions were mild, temperatures did rise throughout the race and Paul subjectively felt he didn’t drink enough to support his performance. Considering his low intake, it was no surprise he suffered from a small amount of cramp in some of the later climbs. Ahead of future races, Paul would benefit from collecting sweat rate data and having a Sweat Test to help him understand his individual sweat losses and therefore be able to tailor his fluid and sodium needs accordingly.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Didn't pre-load caffeine

Consuming caffeine in the hours before the start may have increased perceived energy levels

Total caffeine
0mg
Our thoughts

Given the evidence demonstrating caffeine’s performance-enhancing potential for cyclists, Paul should trial the stimulant in and around his training to see how he responds. Practically, he could do this by incorporating a couple PF 30 Caffeine Gels in his strategy.

How Paul hit his numbers

Here's everything that Paul ate and drank on the day...

Before race (>30 mins)
  • 1 x Large bowl of oats with sultanas
  • 2 x Slices of toast with butter and jam
  • 1 x Glass of orange juice
  • 200ml x Plain water
Pre-race (<30 mins)
  • 0.25 x Energy bar (37g carb)
During

Final thoughts

Paul's Satisfaction Rating4/10

This wasn’t a typical day for me, and I know I got parts wrong, so I’m looking forward to seeing which aspects of my fuel and hydration plan I can improve.

Paul

Paul may have ‘hit the wall’ but still managed to push through to complete a tough course out in Belgium. As an experienced rider, he knows there are areas of his strategy that need some work, especially increasing the amount of carbohydrate he consumes on race day to move towards the fuel recommendations. He can also gather data on his sweat fluid and sodium losses to more closely meet his individual hydration needs in races, further optimising his future performances.

PF&H

Paul's full stats

Overall
160g total carb38g per hour
1,500ml total fluid357ml per hour
1,150mg total sodium274mg per hour
767mgSodium per litre
0mg total caffeine0.0mg per kg

Data Confidence

We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.

12345

There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).

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