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Sarah Crowley

IRONMAN® Western Australia

4th December, 2022AustraliaBusselton1st, FPRO

Sarah's headline numbers

~70g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~621ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~557mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 300-700mg/L
~7.8mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Sarah's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.
Carb-rich meal

T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)

Didn't pre-fuel

Sarah would benefit from taking in a final dose of carb <30 minutes before

Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~70g
Sarah's Energy Rating7/10

"I felt a bit hungry at the end of the bike, so I probably could have had another gel."

Our thoughts

Sarah toed the start line with full glycogen stores thanks to a high-carb diet in the days leading up to the race, capped off with a solid carb-rich breakfast to top up her liver glycogen levels. Typically, we recommend consuming simple carbohydrates, like from a PF 30 Caffeine Gel, 15-20 minutes before the start of the swim to boost blood glucose and help conserve glycogen stores for later in the race. While Sarah opted not to implement this strategy this time, it could be beneficial in future races. Throughout the race, Sarah relied on PF 30 Gels and a whole host of on-course nutrition, but fell slightly short of the recommended 90g of carb per hour, consuming less than she did at both IRONMAN® Cairns and Australia, where she also claimed victory. She attributed this shortfall partly to flavour fatigue - a common issue among elite athletes who maintain such high volumes of sports nutrition. However, Sarah felt she wasn’t significantly challenged by her competitors in this race, allowing her to manage with a somewhat lower fuel intake as she wasn’t pushing her performance limits.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Sarah387mg/L

Sarah has been Sweat Tested to dial in her hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Sarah's losses are on the low side, getting her hydration strategy right is still crucial when it's hot and/or humid as her higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes

T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink

Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~621ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 300-700mg/L
~557mg
Sarah's Hydration Rating7/10

"I did feel a bit dehydrated when I crossed the finish line."

Our thoughts

With her low sweat sodium concentration and relatively low sweat rate, Sarah typically drinks much less than some of her competitors while still performing exceptionally well. Although she managed to avoid any hydration-related issues during the race, she felt slightly dehydrated afterwards, which she puts down to the extremely windy conditions, which made it challenging and somewhat risky to grab extra fluids from aid stations. Sarah’s bottles consumed a slightly higher relative sodium concentration than in her earlier-season races, likely due to missing out on additional water which would have diluted the sodium concentration. Fortunately, the dehydration she experienced didn’t significantly impact her performance, as the human body can generally tolerate 2-4% dehydration during endurance events before performance suffers.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Didn't pre-load caffeine

Consuming caffeine in the hours before the start may have increased perceived energy levels

Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~7.8mg
Our thoughts

Sarah used a well-planned caffeine strategy, drip feeding caffeinated gels throughout the bike and run to ensure consistent energy levels. Her intake exceeded the recommended 3-6 mg/kg, but since she experienced no negative side effects, she was likely maximising the stimulant's ergogenic benefits.

How Sarah hit her numbers

Here's everything that Sarah ate and drank on the day...

Before race (>30 mins)
  • 500ml x PH 1500 (Tablets)
  • 0.5 x Cup of oats with nutella
  • 300ml x Protein milkshake
  • 1 x Banana
Bike
  • 3 x PF 30 Gel
  • 700ml x Plain water
  • 2 x Energy gel with caffeine (25g carb, 100mg caffeine)
  • 2.2L x Energy drink (22g carb)
  • 1 x Small bag of Haribo
  • 500ml x Energy drink (48g carb)
Run
  • 2 x PF 30 Gel
  • 900ml x Plain water
  • 2 x Energy gel with caffeine (25g carb, 100mg caffeine)
  • 2 x Energy gel (22g carb)
  • 905ml x Energy drink (22g carb)
  • 243ml x Cola
  • 1 x Banana

Final thoughts

Sarah's Satisfaction Rating8/10

I was so stoked to finish the year with another win at IRONMAN® Western Australia. It takes a team and I can’t thank my team enough, especially PF&H for making sure I’m completely dialled with nutrition no matter the conditions.

Sarah

In all, Sarah displayed an excellent ability to replicate a well-rehearsed nutrition strategy to support her journey towards yet another IRONMAN® victory in 2022. Sarah can take great confidence that even when racing within her limits, a sub-9 hour IM is still achievable.

PF&H

Sarah's full stats

Overall
610g total carb70g per hour
5,448ml total fluid621ml per hour
3,036mg total sodium346mg per hour
557mgSodium per litre
419mg total caffeine7.8mg per kg
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence

We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.

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There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

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