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Rachel Entrekin

Pro

Ultra Trail Chianti Castles

21st March, 2026
Italy
Chianti
3rd, FPRO
Running, Ultra - 120km
9°C
, Cold
11hrs 38mins
more race details

Rachel's headline numbers

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~66
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~495
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~979
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 1300-1700mg/L
~1.9
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
Image Credits: @precisionfandh

Rachel's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~66
g
Rachel's Energy Rating
8
/10
"I timed my fueling really well and had consistent energy. Whenever I came to the end of the gels or chews I was carrying, it was almost time for the next aid station."
Our thoughts

Rachel headed out to Italy with the PF&H Sports Science team to sample some very authentic pasta and pizza, as well as many a PF 30 Chew in the few days before the race. This would’ve helped top up her glycogen stores to some extent, but in the future she’s going to work on implementing a structured carb load in the 24-48 hours pre-race, aiming to consume ~8-12g/kg of carbohydrate.

During the race, Rachel was remarkably consistent with her carb intake as she hit ~66g/h by consuming a combination of PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix, PF 30 Chews, PF 60 Chew Bars, PF 30 Gels and Cola or Fanta. For the first 37.5km, she averaged ~67g/h, and Rachel found the gels were going down well, so after feeding this back to her crew chief, Emily, the plan was adjusted on the fly to incorporate a greater proportion of PF 30 Gels to hit her target of 60g/h. Although below the top end of the recommended 90g/h when racing at this intensity and duration, this goal was based on what her gut can tolerate and her last race, Coldwater Rumble 100 miler where her intake slowly declined across the course, dropping below 60g/h and impacting her energy levels. She never dropped below ~57g/h in Chianti and at times reached ~75g/h, which allowed Rachel to sustain her high race intensity and battle it out with Courtney Dauwalter and Yngvild Kaspersen for podium positions.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Rachel1515mg/L
Rachel has been Sweat Tested to dial in her hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Given Rachel’s losses are Very High (1,515mg/L), nailing her hydration strategy remains important, even when it’s Cold.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~495
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 1300-1700mg/L
~979
mg
Rachel's Hydration Rating
8
/10
"I actually think my hydration was pretty good. I’m glad I used extra flow flasks of soda at aid stations and kept hold of my water flask at the 74km aid station for the next section as it was getting quite warm."
Our thoughts

As a salty sweater, Rachel has struggled in previous races and training to keep up with her sweat sodium losses. To start hydrated, she preloaded the day before and on race morning to make sure she started hydrated before being more proactive with her sodium replacement from the gun. During the race, her hydration strategy involved carrying two 600ml soft flasks, one containing PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix and the other plain water. This time out, Rachel took a strip of three Electrolyte Capsules from her crew with every flask of plain water, averaging a higher relative sodium concentration across the first half of the race. Her relative sodium intake decreased later in the race as she prioritised increasing her fluid intake as the temperatures rose by drinking additional Cola and Fanta at crewed aid stations. As a result, her fluid intake across the race was well judged for the mild conditions, and her sodium replacement was enough to avoid any performance decline. It’s worth making sure the relative sodium concentration of her intake is maintained, especially when losses are high in future races, for example, with the help of more Electrolyte Capsules alongside any extra fluid.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~1.9
mg
Our thoughts

Rachel started the day with a caffeinated energy drink, which would have elevated her circulating caffeine levels for the 4am race start. During the race itself, her caffeine intake came only through Cola and Red Bull at crewed aid stations at the back end of the race. Though the timing of her caffeine doses was well spread, with the relatively low caffeine content of these drinks, her intake didn’t reach the scientifically backed 3-6mg/kg guidelines. In future training and racing, she may want to consider testing out higher doses of caffeine by using PF 30 Caffeine Gels, as the 100mg caffeine dose would pack a larger punch and put her in the range to benefit from the stimulant's ergogenic effects.

How Rachel hit her numbers

Here's everything that Rachel ate and drank on the day...

Rachel's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Rachel's Satisfaction Rating
9
/10
Pretty solid day and I’m happy with 3rd. I couldn’t have done it without my crew, and one of my main takeaways is that you can run so much faster than you think you can, for a lot longer than you think you can, if you’re fueling correctly.
Rachel
It was a pleasure to crew Rachel through 120km across the Tuscany hills and watch an epic race unfold between these elite athletes. With a more consistent carbohydrate and sodium intake, she was able to put in a great performance and qualify for Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc®. With further iterations to the strategy, including her carb load, Rachel is in an excellent position for the next big challenge on the race calendar… Cocodona.
PF&H

Rachel's full stats

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Overall
769g total carb
66g per hour
5,766ml total fluid
495ml per hour
5,645mg total sodium
485mg per hour
979mg
Sodium per litre
96mg total caffeine
1.9mg per kg

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
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5

There is a high level of confidence in the accuracy in the data. The numbers presented are believed to be a very close reflection of reality. There may still be one or two estimations made in the data (an inescapable part of field data) but there is reason to believe that these are accurate and that possible error has been kept to a minimum. It is data that has been collected and recalled as accurately as is possible given the uncontrolled settings/circumstances.

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