
Harry Palmer
IRONMAN 70.3® World Championships
Harry's headline numbers





Harry's strategy
Fueling
T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
"I felt consistent across the race, so my fueling was really good I thought. "
In the past, Harry has been sensitive to higher carb consumption across both the bike and run legs, which has meant his intake often falls lower than the recommendation. But, this is the first time since one of his races in 2022 where he has achieved very close to 90g/h without any real GI discomfort! For his strategy on the bike, Harry relied on PF 30 Gels and PF 90 Gels in his water bottles to access both his carb and fluid, mixed in appropriate amounts to help him hit his initial targets for both. This combined approach is increasingly used by pros to ensure easy access to the fuel and hydration they need. However, it’s only as effective as the careful and accurate planning of your expected carbohydrate and fluid requirements, achieved through methods like gut training and sweat testing. Interestingly, Harry’s carb intake increased from bike (~93g/h) to run (~116g/h), which is the opposite of what we typically observe. This was driven by his steady intake of cola on the run in addition to his planned intake of three PF 30 Gels.
Hydration
Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.
Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.
Harry921mg/L
Harry has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan
Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.
Whilst Harry's losses are on the moderate side, getting his hydration strategy right is still important if he wants to perform at his best.
Learn moreT - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
"My hydration went really well for the most part but there is some room for improvement particularly around electrolytes. "
As an experienced racer who is in tune with his sweat losses, Harry likely consumed enough fluid throughout the race to prevent accumulating too great a level of dehydration, which could have negatively impacted his performance, especially later in the race as conditions warmed up. Although Harry under-consumed sodium relative to his sweat losses, he reported no sign of cramp. His preloading strategy with strong electrolytes the night before and the morning of likely meant he started well-hydrated. This likely helped him cope with inadequate replenishment of his sodium losses during the race, as well as his appropriate total fluid consumption, keeping him above his threshold for experiencing those negative symptoms of dehydration.
Caffeine
Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.
Consuming caffeine in the hours before the start may have increased perceived energy levels
Harry didn’t consume any caffeine directly, aside from the cola intake. As he has struggled with various gut discomfort in the past, he is hesitant to reintroduce caffeine. Given the potential performance benefits however, he should look to introduce caffeine in training to see if it starts to sit right for him now that he has had a better race from the GI perspective, so he can hopefully benefit from the performance enhancing effects in the future.
How Harry hit his numbers
Here's everything that Harry ate and drank on the day...
Final thoughts
“Best result I’ve had and it feels like a milestone for me to believe in myself a little more. With a few improvements in training and my fuel and hydration strategy, I can’t wait to see what’s next.”

“Harry delivered an unreal performance at the IRONMAN 70.3® World Championships, showcasing exceptional fueling and hydration strategies that kept him consistent throughout the race and cementing him as an athlete to keep an eye on. Achieving a near-optimal carb intake of 90g/h for the first time since 2022 without significant GI discomfort marked a breakthrough, while his hydration strategy effectively supported his performance despite consuming less than his target sodium amount. His satisfaction with the race reflects his confidence and success in executing a well-planned strategy. ”
Harry's full stats
Data Confidence
We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.