/

Mike Mulligan

IRONMAN® Leeds

27th July, 2025
England
Leeds
Completed, M40-44
Triathlon, Full distance - 226.2km
19°C
, Hot
15hrs 30mins
more race details

Mike's headline numbers

?
?
?
~58
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 60g/h
~629
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~1,461
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~2.4
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Mike's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
?
T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
?
T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 60g/h
~58
g
Mike's Energy Rating
7
/10
"I aimed for between 80 and 90g/h after overfueling slightly with 110g/h on the bike at IRONMAN 70.3® Bolton. Eating every 30 minutes this time worked much better for me."
Our thoughts

Mike went into his debut full-distance IRONMAN® with a clear fueling plan, constructed with the help of a video consultation with the PF&H Sports Science team. He prepared well by executing a ~9g/kg carb load, adding in snacks of PF 60 Chew Bars alongside his increased meal sizes to ensure that his glycogen stores were maximised going into the event. On the bike, he stayed on top of his energy by consistently alternating between a PF 60 Chew Bar and ‘real food’ including bananas and bars every 30 minutes. This strategy paid off, as he averaged ~90g of carb per hour and managed to avoid the stomach discomfort he’d battled previously at higher intakes (~110g/h). On the marathon, Mike’s fueling dropped to ~25g/h as he admitted he “didn’t feel like eating his gels.” Instead, he relied on on-course cola, bananas, and energy bars. Fortunately, since he effectively front loaded his intake during the bike leg, Mike was able to maintain his energy levels and average ~60g/h across the race (in line with fueling recommendations for a race of this duration and intensity). In future he may benefit from increasing his intake to stabilise his carb intake on the run, with the help of gut training to help him push harder for longer next time out.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Pre-loaded electrolytes
?
T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~629
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~1,461
mg
Mike's Hydration Rating
8
/10
"My hydration was good but I did pee a lot on every leg; but for me that’s better than cramping."
Our thoughts

Mike has not had a Sweat Test but suspects a high sweat sodium concentration due to his history of cramping. Over the course of the mild-warm race, he nailed his fluid intake, consistently consuming just under ~700ml/h for the 15.5 hours he was on course in an attempt to replace a solid proportion of his sweat losses. With the science recommending he avoid more than a 2-4% change in bodyweight, Mike subjectively felt he came close to this, and the fact that he peed a couple of times across each discipline supports his assessment. On top of using on-course PH 1000 (Tablets) all day, Mike consumed Electrolyte Capsules when he started to feel twinges of cramp to boost his sodium intake quickly and successfully eradicate the problem.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
?
T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~2.4
mg
Our thoughts

Mike drinks coffee in his daily routine but didn’t incorporate many doses of caffeine into his raceday strategy. The ergogenic effects of the caffeinated energy drink he had before starting would have been at their peak during the first half of the swim, providing him with an early boost. A PF 30 Caffeine Gel halfway on the bike and cola on the run were the only other sources of caffeine Mike consumed. He could have benefited from using the stimulant more regularly throughout the event to get into the recommended dose range of 3-6mg/kg.

How Mike hit his numbers

Here's everything that Mike ate and drank on the day...

Mike's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Mike's Satisfaction Rating
9
/10
My major goal was to finish as this was my first IRONMAN®. There are always things that could’ve gone better but I’m very happy with my performance.
Mike
Mike’s carefully designed hydration plan kept his cramps away, allowing him to complete his first full distance race. He executed a successful and consistent fueling strategy and listened to his body to avoid any GI issues whilst keeping his energy levels up.
PF&H

Mike's full stats

?
?
?
Overall
898g total carb
58g per hour
9,750ml total fluid
629ml per hour
14,244mg total sodium
918mg per hour
1,461mg
Sodium per litre
231mg total caffeine
2.4mg per kg
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence
?

We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

Mike's recent case studies

see all
Nail your next event with a FREE Fuel & Hydration Plan
Get started