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Penny Slater

Pro

IRONMAN® Cairns

14th June, 2026
Australia
Cairns
1st, FPRO
Triathlon, Full distance - 226.2km
24°C
, Hot and Humid
8hrs 59mins
more race details

Penny 's headline numbers

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?
?
~101
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~697
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~278
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 400-800mg/L
~7.8
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Penny 's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~101
g
Penny 's Energy Rating
7
/10
"This win has been a long time in the making, especially at what feels like a home race. I had a bad 18 months, so my plan was to be conservative and race my own race. Legs felt great on the bike and on the run I felt good for 15km and then it got tough "
Our thoughts

Penny went into IRONMAN® Cairns with a well-practised fueling strategy. On the bike, she used PF 300 Flow Gel, PF Carb Only Drink Mix, PF 30 Caffeine Gels and PF 30 Chews to average ~110 grams of carb per hour. She carried this momentum onto the run, fueling with PF 30 Gels, a PF 30 Caffeine Gel, a flask of Carb Only Drink Mix and cola from aid stations to maintain above ~110g/h, averaging an impressive ~101g/h across the full race. Gut training is key to tolerating carbohydrate intakes above 90g/h, and Penny's stomach comfort on race day is a testament to the work she has put in during training.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Penny 536mg/L
Penny has been Sweat Tested to dial in her hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Penny ’s losses are on the low side, getting her hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as her higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Didn't pre-load electrolytes
?
Drinking a strong electrolyte drink before the race could have helped Penny start optimally hydrated
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~697
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 400-800mg/L
~278
mg
Penny 's Hydration Rating
6
/10
"I think I was maybe a bit low on salt as my legs were pretty crampy in the last 15km. I swallowed a lot of seawater so was worried about overdoing it at the start of the bike, and I probably left it too late picking up electrolytes on the run."
Our thoughts

Racing in hot and humid conditions, peaking at 27°C (80°F) with 76% humidity, Penny averaged ~697ml/h across the full race, with a higher intake (~887ml/h) on the bike where she drank predominantly plain water compared to 648ml/h on the run. Having swallowed seawater during the swim, she made the sensible call to hold off on sodium until ~90 minutes into the bike to avoid any potential GI issues, and then used Electrolyte Capsules from that point onwards. This cautious approach, combined with neglecting electrolytes in the first hour of the run, contributed to a relative sodium concentration of ~278mg per litre across the race. This was notably below her sweat sodium concentration of 536mg/L and likely played a role in the cramping she experienced in the closing 15km. In future races, ideally without the complication of seawater ingestion, following a preloading protocol with PH 1500 electrolytes before the start and taking Electrolyte Capsules consistently from the outset of the bike would help better match her sweat sodium losses throughout.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~7.8
mg
Our thoughts

Penny took a PF 30 Caffeine Gel before the swim and another in T1, before spreading four further doses across the bike and run. This brought her total caffeine intake to ~7.8mg/kg, above the 3-6mg/kg guidance, but at a level that she tolerated well given her high habitual caffeine use and the near nine-hour race duration. Distributing doses evenly across such a long effort is a sound approach to maintaining circulating caffeine levels and sustaining focus and perceived energy through the closing miles.

How Penny hit her numbers

Here's everything that Penny ate and drank on the day...

Penny 's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Penny 's Satisfaction Rating
10
/10
Things are still sinking in. To win at my favourite race on the calendar is a dream come true. I know I still have a lot of work to do to be competitive on the world stage again, but I'm trying to step back and appreciate this moment for what it is. Ten years in the making.
Penny
After a challenging 18 months, Penny put it all together in Cairns to claim her first IRONMAN® win in under nine hours. Her high carbohydrate intake and smart in-race adjustments were central to that performance, and with more consistent sodium replacement from the start, she has a clear and straightforward path to an even stronger race next time.
PF&H

Penny 's full stats

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?
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Overall
911g total carb
101g per hour
6,270ml total fluid
697ml per hour
1,740mg total sodium
194mg per hour
278mg
Sodium per litre
478mg total caffeine
7.8mg per kg
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

Penny 's recent case studies

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