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Eric LiPuma

Black Canyon 100km

10th February, 2024USAArizona7th, MPRO

Eric's headline numbers

~100g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~1,024ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 750-1,250ml/h
~1,000mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~1.5mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Eric's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.
Carb-rich meal

T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)

Pre-fueled

T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb

Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~100g
Eric's Energy Rating9/10

"I felt pretty good all day. Around 60 to 75km I had a low spot, but after latching on to someone and taking an extra caffeine gel this improved. Then I felt great over the final 20km and was able to catch four people."

Our thoughts

Eric used an effective fueling strategy by consuming one PF 90 Gel per hour over the whole race, and an additional PF 30 Caffeine Gel in hour six. This allowed him to reach and surpass his fueling goal of 90g/h. We’re seeing more elite runners consume these impressive quantities to fuel their high intensity, long duration endurance feats, but this requires plenty of gut training over time. He mentioned starting to feel hungry in the second half of the race, despite his high intake. This feeling may have been linked to the relatively small breakfast he consumed ahead of the race. Given the race was delayed by two-and-a-half hours, having more pre-race food to push above the lower end of the pre-race carbohydrate recommendations would have increased his fuel stores going into the race. To overcome this feeling in future races, he may also look to include more satiating, solid foods such as a bar or chew within his strategy.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Eric1044mg/L

Eric has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Eric's losses are on the moderate side, getting his hydration strategy right is still important if he wants to perform at his best.

Learn more
Didn't pre-load electrolytes

Drinking a strong electrolyte drink before the race could have helped Eric start optimally hydrated

Fluid per hour
Recommended 750-1,250ml/h
~1,024ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~1,000mg
Eric's Hydration Rating9/10

"The only thing I would change about my hydration strategy would be putting the electrolyte capsules into bags to be more efficient on the move. I stopped at every aid station to fill bottles and finished every single one as I felt like I needed this in the humid conditions."

Our thoughts

Ahead of the race, Eric switched from his original plan of using some PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix to solely get his fluid and sodium in the form of water and Electrolyte Capsules our products whilst fueling with gels. He has found this strategy to be more successful for him in the past, as it allows him to wash his mouth out with the plain water and have greater control over each of The Three Levers of an effective race nutrition strategy (i.e. carb, sodium and fluid). With this strategy, Eric nailed his sodium intake by taking two Electrolyte Capsules our products with every 500ml bottle of water he drank to consume a similar concentration to his losses. Overall, Eric drank a higher fluid intake than his last race despite the colder temperatures by drinking two bottles per hour. Subjectively, he felt he needed this additional fluid at the high intensities he was pushing, whilst he only peed once which is indicative of not overhydrating. And he was pleased to report no issues with cramp, which he’s suffered greatly with in the past.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Didn't pre-load caffeine

Consuming caffeine in the hours before the start may have increased perceived energy levels

Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~1.5mg
Our thoughts

Eric consumed a PF 30 Caffeine Gel during the race to give him a mental boost and increase his perceived energy levels at the point he was feeling lowest. If he used ~200mg more caffeine during future races, he’d hit the recommended guidelines for his bodyweight and further aid his performance over races of this length.

How Eric hit his numbers

Here's everything that Eric ate and drank on the day...

Before race (>30 mins)
Pre-race (<30 mins)
During

Final thoughts

Eric's Satisfaction Rating8/10

It was a really fun race, everyone was moving fast. I went out fast, held on and put in a move after 50km, then after my low spot I felt good again for the last 20km. I was pretty satisfied with the race, but was a little disappointed to be only five minutes away from getting a ‘golden ticket’ (to Western States).

Eric

Up against a stacked field, Eric had a strong performance with a time that would’ve seen him win in recent editions of this 100km race. He implemented some changes to his hydration and fueling from his last race to better replace his losses and keep his energy levels high. In future, Eric should look to make sure his breakfast is sufficient to keep him feeling satiated through the entire race and could undertake some sweat rate data collection to help further refine his high fluid intakes, especially ahead of hotter races.

PF&H

Eric's full stats

Overall
780g total carb100g per hour
8,000ml total fluid1,024ml per hour
8,000mg total sodium1,024mg per hour
1,000mgSodium per litre
100mg total caffeine1.5mg per kg

Data Confidence

We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.

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There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

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